Product Description

Product Description

Hot Sales Products

Our Advantages

Company Profile

Packaging & Shipping

FAQ

1.Are you a manufacturer or a trading company?
We are a 3000-square-meter factory located in zHangZhoug, China.

2.How can I get a quote?
Detailed drawings (PDF/STEP/IGS/DWG…) with material, quantity and surface treatment information.

3. Can I get a quote without drawings?
Sure, we appreciate to receive your samples, pictures or drafts with detailed dimensions for accurate quotation.

4.Will my drawings be divulged if you benefit?
No, we pay much attention to protect our customers’ privacy of drawings

4. Can you provide samples before mass production?
Sure, sample fee is needed, will be returned when mass production if possible.

5. How about the lead time?
Generally, 1-2 weeks for samples, 3-4 weeks for mass production.

6. How do you control the quality?
(1) Material inspection–Check the material surface and roughly dimension.
(2) Production first inspection–To ensure the critical dimension in mass production.
(3) Sampling inspection–Check the quality before sending to the warehouse.
(4) Pre-shipment inspection–100% inspected by QC assistants before shipment.

8. What will you do if we receive poor quality parts?
Please kindly send us the pictures, our engineers will find the solutions and remake them for you asap.

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The Difference Between Planetary Gears and Spur Gears

A spur gear is a type of mechanical drive that turns an external shaft. The angular velocity is proportional to the rpm and can be easily calculated from the gear ratio. However, to properly calculate angular velocity, it is necessary to know the number of teeth. Fortunately, there are several different types of spur gears. Here’s an overview of their main features. This article also discusses planetary gears, which are smaller, more robust, and more power-dense.
Planetary gears are a type of spur gear

One of the most significant differences between planetary gears and spurgears is the way that the 2 share the load. Planetary gears are much more efficient than spurgears, enabling high torque transfer in a small space. This is because planetary gears have multiple teeth instead of just one. They are also suitable for intermittent and constant operation. This article will cover some of the main benefits of planetary gears and their differences from spurgears.
While spur gears are more simple than planetary gears, they do have some key differences. In addition to being more basic, they do not require any special cuts or angles. Moreover, the tooth shape of spur gears is much more complex than those of planetary gears. The design determines where the teeth make contact and how much power is available. However, a planetary gear system will be more efficient if the teeth are lubricated internally.
In a planetary gear, there are 3 shafts: a sun gear, a planet carrier, and an external ring gear. A planetary gear is designed to allow the motion of 1 shaft to be arrested, while the other 2 work simultaneously. In addition to two-shaft operation, planetary gears can also be used in three-shaft operations, which are called temporary three-shaft operations. Temporary three-shaft operations are possible through frictional coupling.
Among the many benefits of planetary gears is their adaptability. As the load is shared between several planet gears, it is easier to switch gear ratios, so you do not need to purchase a new gearbox for every new application. Another major benefit of planetary gears is that they are highly resistant to high shock loads and demanding conditions. This means that they are used in many industries.

They are more robust

An epicyclic gear train is a type of transmission that uses concentric axes for input and output. This type of transmission is often used in vehicles with automatic transmissions, such as a Lamborghini Gallardo. It is also used in hybrid cars. These types of transmissions are also more robust than conventional planetary gears. However, they require more assembly time than a conventional parallel shaft gear.
An epicyclic gearing system has 3 basic components: an input, an output, and a carrier. The number of teeth in each gear determines the ratio of input rotation to output rotation. In some cases, an epicyclic gear system can be made with 2 planets. A third planet, known as the carrier, meshes with the second planet and the sun gear to provide reversibility. A ring gear is made of several components, and a planetary gear may contain many gears.
An epicyclic gear train can be built so that the planet gear rolls inside the pitch circle of an outer fixed gear ring, or “annular gear.” In such a case, the curve of the planet’s pitch circle is called a hypocycloid. When epicycle gear trains are used in combination with a sun gear, the planetary gear train is made up of both types. The sun gear is usually fixed, while the ring gear is driven.
Planetary gearing, also known as epicyclic gear, is more durable than other types of transmissions. Because planets are evenly distributed around the sun, they have an even distribution of gears. Because they are more robust, they can handle higher torques, reductions, and overhung loads. They are also more energy-dense and robust. In addition, planetary gearing is often able to be converted to various ratios.

They are more power dense

The planet gear and ring gear of a compound planetary transmission are epicyclic stages. One part of the planet gear meshes with the sun gear, while the other part of the gear drives the ring gear. Coast tooth flanks are used only when the gear drive works in reversed load direction. Asymmetry factor optimization equalizes the contact stress safety factors of a planetary gear. The permissible contact stress, sHPd, and the maximum operating contact stress (sHPc) are equalized by asymmetry factor optimization.
In addition, epicyclic gears are generally smaller and require fewer space than helical ones. They are commonly used as differential gears in speed frames and in looms, where they act as a Roper positive let off. They differ in the amount of overdrive and undergearing ratio they possess. The overdrive ratio varies from 15 percent to 40 percent. In contrast, the undergearing ratio ranges from 0.87:1 to 69%.
The TV7-117S turboprop engine gearbox is the first known application of epicyclic gears with asymmetric teeth. This gearbox was developed by the CZPT Corporation for the Ilyushin Il-114 turboprop plane. The TV7-117S’s gearbox arrangement consists of a first planetary-differential stage with 3 planet gears and a second solar-type coaxial stage with 5 planet gears. This arrangement gives epicyclic gears the highest power density.
Planetary gearing is more robust and power-dense than other types of gearing. They can withstand higher torques, reductions, and overhung loads. Their unique self-aligning properties also make them highly versatile in rugged applications. It is also more compact and lightweight. In addition to this, epicyclic gears are easier to manufacture than planetary gears. And as a bonus, they are much less expensive.

They are smaller

Epicyclic gears are small mechanical devices that have a central “sun” gear and 1 or more outer intermediate gears. These gears are held in a carrier or ring gear and have multiple mesh considerations. The system can be sized and speeded by dividing the required ratio by the number of teeth per gear. This process is known as gearing and is used in many types of gearing systems.
Planetary gears are also known as epicyclic gearing. They have input and output shafts that are coaxially arranged. Each planet contains a gear wheel that meshes with the sun gear. These gears are small and easy to manufacture. Another advantage of epicyclic gears is their robust design. They are easily converted into different ratios. They are also highly efficient. In addition, planetary gear trains can be designed to operate in multiple directions.
Another advantage of epicyclic gearing is their reduced size. They are often used for small-scale applications. The lower cost is associated with the reduced manufacturing time. Epicyclic gears should not be made on N/C milling machines. The epicyclic carrier should be cast and tooled on a single-purpose machine, which has several cutters cutting through material. The epicyclic carrier is smaller than the epicyclic gear.
Epicyclic gearing systems consist of 3 basic components: an input, an output, and a stationary component. The number of teeth in each gear determines the ratio of input rotation to output rotation. Typically, these gear sets are made of 3 separate pieces: the input gear, the output gear, and the stationary component. Depending on the size of the input and output gear, the ratio between the 2 components is greater than half.

They have higher gear ratios

The differences between epicyclic gears and regular, non-epicyclic gears are significant for many different applications. In particular, epicyclic gears have higher gear ratios. The reason behind this is that epicyclic gears require multiple mesh considerations. The epicyclic gears are designed to calculate the number of load application cycles per unit time. The sun gear, for example, is +1300 RPM. The planet gear, on the other hand, is +1700 RPM. The ring gear is also +1400 RPM, as determined by the number of teeth in each gear.
Torque is the twisting force of a gear, and the bigger the gear, the higher the torque. However, since the torque is also proportional to the size of the gear, bigger radii result in lower torque. In addition, smaller radii do not move cars faster, so the higher gear ratios do not move at highway speeds. The tradeoff between speed and torque is the gear ratio.
Planetary gears use multiple mechanisms to increase the gear ratio. Those using epicyclic gears have multiple gear sets, including a sun, a ring, and 2 planets. Moreover, the planetary gears are based on helical, bevel, and spur gears. In general, the higher gear ratios of epicyclic gears are superior to those of planetary gears.
Another example of planetary gears is the compound planet. This gear design has 2 different-sized gears on either end of a common casting. The large end engages the sun while the smaller end engages the annulus. The compound planets are sometimes necessary to achieve smaller steps in gear ratio. As with any gear, the correct alignment of planet pins is essential for proper operation. If the planets are not aligned properly, it may result in rough running or premature breakdown.

Product Description

Product Description

Hot Sales Products

Our Advantages

Company Profile

Packaging & Shipping

FAQ

1.Are you a manufacturer or a trading company?
We are a 3000-square-meter factory located in zHangZhoug, China.

2.How can I get a quote?
Detailed drawings (PDF/STEP/IGS/DWG…) with material, quantity and surface treatment information.

3. Can I get a quote without drawings?
Sure, we appreciate to receive your samples, pictures or drafts with detailed dimensions for accurate quotation.

4.Will my drawings be divulged if you benefit?
No, we pay much attention to protect our customers’ privacy of drawings

4. Can you provide samples before mass production?
Sure, sample fee is needed, will be returned when mass production if possible.

5. How about the lead time?
Generally, 1-2 weeks for samples, 3-4 weeks for mass production.

6. How do you control the quality?
(1) Material inspection–Check the material surface and roughly dimension.
(2) Production first inspection–To ensure the critical dimension in mass production.
(3) Sampling inspection–Check the quality before sending to the warehouse.
(4) Pre-shipment inspection–100% inspected by QC assistants before shipment.

8. What will you do if we receive poor quality parts?
Please kindly send us the pictures, our engineers will find the solutions and remake them for you asap.

Back to homepage>>>

Stiffness and Torsional Vibration of Spline-Couplings

In this paper, we describe some basic characteristics of spline-coupling and examine its torsional vibration behavior. We also explore the effect of spline misalignment on rotor-spline coupling. These results will assist in the design of improved spline-coupling systems for various applications. The results are presented in Table 1.

Stiffness of spline-coupling

The stiffness of a spline-coupling is a function of the meshing force between the splines in a rotor-spline coupling system and the static vibration displacement. The meshing force depends on the coupling parameters such as the transmitting torque and the spline thickness. It increases nonlinearly with the spline thickness.
A simplified spline-coupling model can be used to evaluate the load distribution of splines under vibration and transient loads. The axle spline sleeve is displaced a z-direction and a resistance moment T is applied to the outer face of the sleeve. This simple model can satisfy a wide range of engineering requirements but may suffer from complex loading conditions. Its asymmetric clearance may affect its engagement behavior and stress distribution patterns.
The results of the simulations show that the maximum vibration acceleration in both Figures 10 and 22 was 3.03 g/s. This results indicate that a misalignment in the circumferential direction increases the instantaneous impact. Asymmetry in the coupling geometry is also found in the meshing. The right-side spline’s teeth mesh tightly while those on the left side are misaligned.
Considering the spline-coupling geometry, a semi-analytical model is used to compute stiffness. This model is a simplified form of a classical spline-coupling model, with submatrices defining the shape and stiffness of the joint. As the design clearance is a known value, the stiffness of a spline-coupling system can be analyzed using the same formula.
The results of the simulations also show that the spline-coupling system can be modeled using MASTA, a high-level commercial CAE tool for transmission analysis. In this case, the spline segments were modeled as a series of spline segments with variable stiffness, which was calculated based on the initial gap between spline teeth. Then, the spline segments were modelled as a series of splines of increasing stiffness, accounting for different manufacturing variations. The resulting analysis of the spline-coupling geometry is compared to those of the finite-element approach.
Despite the high stiffness of a spline-coupling system, the contact status of the contact surfaces often changes. In addition, spline coupling affects the lateral vibration and deformation of the rotor. However, stiffness nonlinearity is not well studied in splined rotors because of the lack of a fully analytical model.

Characteristics of spline-coupling

The study of spline-coupling involves a number of design factors. These include weight, materials, and performance requirements. Weight is particularly important in the aeronautics field. Weight is often an issue for design engineers because materials have varying dimensional stability, weight, and durability. Additionally, space constraints and other configuration restrictions may require the use of spline-couplings in certain applications.
The main parameters to consider for any spline-coupling design are the maximum principal stress, the maldistribution factor, and the maximum tooth-bearing stress. The magnitude of each of these parameters must be smaller than or equal to the external spline diameter, in order to provide stability. The outer diameter of the spline must be at least 4 inches larger than the inner diameter of the spline.
Once the physical design is validated, the spline coupling knowledge base is created. This model is pre-programmed and stores the design parameter signals, including performance and manufacturing constraints. It then compares the parameter values to the design rule signals, and constructs a geometric representation of the spline coupling. A visual model is created from the input signals, and can be manipulated by changing different parameters and specifications.
The stiffness of a spline joint is another important parameter for determining the spline-coupling stiffness. The stiffness distribution of the spline joint affects the rotor’s lateral vibration and deformation. A finite element method is a useful technique for obtaining lateral stiffness of spline joints. This method involves many mesh refinements and requires a high computational cost.
The diameter of the spline-coupling must be large enough to transmit the torque. A spline with a larger diameter may have greater torque-transmitting capacity because it has a smaller circumference. However, the larger diameter of a spline is thinner than the shaft, and the latter may be more suitable if the torque is spread over a greater number of teeth.
Spline-couplings are classified according to their tooth profile along the axial and radial directions. The radial and axial tooth profiles affect the component’s behavior and wear damage. Splines with a crowned tooth profile are prone to angular misalignment. Typically, these spline-couplings are oversized to ensure durability and safety.

Stiffness of spline-coupling in torsional vibration analysis

This article presents a general framework for the study of torsional vibration caused by the stiffness of spline-couplings in aero-engines. It is based on a previous study on spline-couplings. It is characterized by the following 3 factors: bending stiffness, total flexibility, and tangential stiffness. The first criterion is the equivalent diameter of external and internal splines. Both the spline-coupling stiffness and the displacement of splines are evaluated by using the derivative of the total flexibility.
The stiffness of a spline joint can vary based on the distribution of load along the spline. Variables affecting the stiffness of spline joints include the torque level, tooth indexing errors, and misalignment. To explore the effects of these variables, an analytical formula is developed. The method is applicable for various kinds of spline joints, such as splines with multiple components.
Despite the difficulty of calculating spline-coupling stiffness, it is possible to model the contact between the teeth of the shaft and the hub using an analytical approach. This approach helps in determining key magnitudes of coupling operation such as contact peak pressures, reaction moments, and angular momentum. This approach allows for accurate results for spline-couplings and is suitable for both torsional vibration and structural vibration analysis.
The stiffness of spline-coupling is commonly assumed to be rigid in dynamic models. However, various dynamic phenomena associated with spline joints must be captured in high-fidelity drivetrain models. To accomplish this, a general analytical stiffness formulation is proposed based on a semi-analytical spline load distribution model. The resulting stiffness matrix contains radial and tilting stiffness values as well as torsional stiffness. The analysis is further simplified with the blockwise inversion method.
It is essential to consider the torsional vibration of a power transmission system before selecting the coupling. An accurate analysis of torsional vibration is crucial for coupling safety. This article also discusses case studies of spline shaft wear and torsionally-induced failures. The discussion will conclude with the development of a robust and efficient method to simulate these problems in real-life scenarios.

Effect of spline misalignment on rotor-spline coupling

In this study, the effect of spline misalignment in rotor-spline coupling is investigated. The stability boundary and mechanism of rotor instability are analyzed. We find that the meshing force of a misaligned spline coupling increases nonlinearly with spline thickness. The results demonstrate that the misalignment is responsible for the instability of the rotor-spline coupling system.
An intentional spline misalignment is introduced to achieve an interference fit and zero backlash condition. This leads to uneven load distribution among the spline teeth. A further spline misalignment of 50um can result in rotor-spline coupling failure. The maximum tensile root stress shifted to the left under this condition.
Positive spline misalignment increases the gear mesh misalignment. Conversely, negative spline misalignment has no effect. The right-handed spline misalignment is opposite to the helix hand. The high contact area is moved from the center to the left side. In both cases, gear mesh is misaligned due to deflection and tilting of the gear under load.
This variation of the tooth surface is measured as the change in clearance in the transverse plain. The radial and axial clearance values are the same, while the difference between the 2 is less. In addition to the frictional force, the axial clearance of the splines is the same, which increases the gear mesh misalignment. Hence, the same procedure can be used to determine the frictional force of a rotor-spline coupling.
Gear mesh misalignment influences spline-rotor coupling performance. This misalignment changes the distribution of the gear mesh and alters contact and bending stresses. Therefore, it is essential to understand the effects of misalignment in spline couplings. Using a simplified system of helical gear pair, Hong et al. examined the load distribution along the tooth interface of the spline. This misalignment caused the flank contact pattern to change. The misaligned teeth exhibited deflection under load and developed a tilting moment on the gear.
The effect of spline misalignment in rotor-spline couplings is minimized by using a mechanism that reduces backlash. The mechanism comprises cooperably splined male and female members. One member is formed by 2 coaxially aligned splined segments with end surfaces shaped to engage in sliding relationship. The connecting device applies axial loads to these segments, causing them to rotate relative to 1 another.

Product Description

Product Description

Hot Sales Products

Our Advantages

Company Profile

Packaging & Shipping

FAQ

1.Are you a manufacturer or a trading company?
We are a 3000-square-meter factory located in zHangZhoug, China.

2.How can I get a quote?
Detailed drawings (PDF/STEP/IGS/DWG…) with material, quantity and surface treatment information.

3. Can I get a quote without drawings?
Sure, we appreciate to receive your samples, pictures or drafts with detailed dimensions for accurate quotation.

4.Will my drawings be divulged if you benefit?
No, we pay much attention to protect our customers’ privacy of drawings

4. Can you provide samples before mass production?
Sure, sample fee is needed, will be returned when mass production if possible.

5. How about the lead time?
Generally, 1-2 weeks for samples, 3-4 weeks for mass production.

6. How do you control the quality?
(1) Material inspection–Check the material surface and roughly dimension.
(2) Production first inspection–To ensure the critical dimension in mass production.
(3) Sampling inspection–Check the quality before sending to the warehouse.
(4) Pre-shipment inspection–100% inspected by QC assistants before shipment.

8. What will you do if we receive poor quality parts?
Please kindly send us the pictures, our engineers will find the solutions and remake them for you asap.

Back to homepage>>>

Screw Shaft Types

A screw shaft is a cylindrical part that turns. Depending on its size, it is able to drive many different types of devices. The following information outlines the different types of screws, including their sizes, material, function, and applications. To help you select the right screw shaft, consider the following factors:

Size

A screw can come in a variety of shapes and sizes, ranging from a quarter to a quarter-inch in diameter. A screw is a cylindrical shaft with an inclined plane wrapped around it, and its main function is to fasten objects together by translating torque into a linear force. This article will discuss the dimensions of screws and how to determine the size of a screw. It is important to note that screw sizes can be large and small depending on the purpose.
The diameter of a screw is the diameter of its shaft, and it must match the inner diameter of its nuts and washers. Screws of a certain diameter are also called machine screws, and they can be larger or smaller. Screw diameters are measured on the shaft underneath the screw head. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) standardized screw diameters in 3/50-inch to 16 (3/8-inch) inches, and more recently, sizes were added in U.S. fractions of an inch. While shaft and head diameters are standardized, screw length may vary from job to job.
In the case of the 2.3-mm screw group, the construct strength was not improved by the 1.2-mm group. The smaller screw size did not increase the strength of the construct. Further, ABS material did not improve the construct strength. Thus, the size of screw shaft is an important consideration in model design. And remember that the more complex your model is, the larger it will be. A screw of a given size will have a similar failure rate as a screw of a different diameter.
Although different screw sizes are widely used, the differences in screw size were not statistically significant. Although there are some limitations, screws of different sizes are generally sufficient for fixation of a metacarpal shaft fracture. However, further clinical studies are needed to compare screw sizes for fracture union rates. So, if you are unsure of what size of screw shaft you need for your case, make sure to check the metric chart and ensure you use the right one.

Material

The material of a screw shaft plays an important role in the overall performance of a screw. Axial and central forces act to apply torque to the screw, while external forces, such as friction, exert a bending moment. The torsional moments are reflected in the torque, and this causes the screw to rotate at a higher rate than necessary. To ensure the longevity of the screw, the material of the screw shaft should be able to handle the bending moment, while the diameter of the shaft should be small enough to avoid causing damage.
Screws are made from different metals, such as steel, brass, titanium, and bronze. Manufacturers often apply a top coating of chromium, brass, or zinc to improve corrosion resistance. Screws made of aluminum are not durable and are prone to rusting due to exposure to weather conditions. The majority of screw shafts are self-locking. They are suited for many applications, including threaded fasteners, C-clamps, and vises.
Screws that are fabricated with conical sections typically feature reduced open cross-sectional areas at the discharge point. This is a key design parameter of conical screw shafts. In fact, reductions of up to 72% are common across a variety of applications. If the screw is designed to have a hard-iron hanger bearing, it must be hardened. If the screw shaft is not hardened, it will require an additional lubricant.
Another consideration is the threads. Screw shafts are typically made of high-precision threads and ridges. These are manufactured on lathes and CNC machines. Different shapes require different materials. Materials for the screw shaft vary. There are many different sizes and shapes available, and each 1 has its own application. In addition to helical and conical screw shafts, different materials are also available. When choosing material, the best 1 depends on the application.
The life of the screw depends on its size, load, and design. In general, the material of the screw shaft, nut body, and balls and rollers determine its fatigue life. This affects the overall life of the screw. To determine whether a specific screw has a longer or shorter life, the manufacturer must consider these factors, as well as the application requirements. The material should be clean and free of imperfections. It should be smooth and free of cracks or flaking, which may result in premature failure.

Function

The function of a screw shaft is to facilitate the rotation of a screw. Screws have several thread forms, including single-start, double-start and multi-start. Each form has its own advantages and disadvantages. In this article we’ll explore each of them in detail. The function of a screw shaft can vary based on its design, but the following are common types. Here are some examples of screw shaft types and their purposes.
The screw’s torque enables it to lift objects. It can be used in conjunction with a bolt and nut to lift a load. Screws are also used to secure objects together. You can use them in screw presses, vises, and screw jacks. But their primary function is to hold objects together. Listed below are some of their main functions. When used to lift heavy loads, they can provide the required force to secure an object.
Screws can be classified into 2 types: square and round. Square threads are more efficient than round ones because they apply 0deg of angle to the nut. Square threads are also stronger than round threads and are often used in high-load applications. They’re generally cheaper to manufacture and are more difficult to break. And unlike square threads, which have a 0deg thread angle, these threads can’t be broken easily with a screwdriver.
A screw’s head is made of a series of spiral-like structures that extend from a cylindrical part to a tip. This portion of the screw is called the shank and is made of the smallest area. The shank is the portion that applies more force to the object. As the shaft extends from the head, it becomes thinner and narrow, forming a pointed tip. The head is the most important part of the screw, so it needs to be strong to perform its function.
The diameter of the screw shaft is measured in millimeters. The M8 screw has a thread pitch of 1.25 mm. Generally, the size of the screw shaft is indicated by the major and minor diameter. These dimensions are appended with a multiplication sign (M8x1).

Applications

The design of screws, including their size and shape, determines their critical rotating speeds. These speeds depend on the threaded part of the screw, the helix angle, and the geometry of the contact surfaces. When applied to a screw, these limits are referred to as “permissible speed limits.” These maximum speeds are meant for short periods of time and optimized running conditions. Continuous operation at these speeds can reduce the calculated life of a nut mechanism.
The main materials used to manufacture screws and screw shafts include steel, stainless steel, titanium, bronze, and brass. Screws may be coated for corrosion resistance, or they may be made of aluminium. Some materials can be threaded, including Teflon and nylon. Screw threads can even be molded into glass or porcelain. For the most part, steel and stainless steel are the most common materials for screw shafts. Depending on the purpose, a screw will be made of a material that is suitable for the application.
In addition to being used in fasteners, screw shafts are used in micrometers, drillers, conveyor belts, and helicopter blades. There are numerous applications of screw shafts, from weighing scales to measuring lengths. If you’re in the market for a screw, make sure to check out these applications. You’ll be happy you did! They can help you get the job done faster. So, don’t delay your next project.
If you’re interested in learning about screw sizing, then it’s important to know the axial and moment loads that your screws will experience. By following the laws of mechanics and knowing the load you can calculate the nominal life of your screw. You can also consider the effect of misalignment, uneven loading, and shocks on your screw. These will all affect the life of your screw. Then, you can select the right screw.